某省级三甲医院2018-2020年医务人员血源性职业暴露情况调查

Investigation on Blood-Borne Occupational Exposure of Medical Staff in a Provincial Grade-ⅢClass-A Hospital from 2018 to 2020

目的了解医务人员血源性职业暴露的现状与特点,为制定针对性预防措施提供依据。方法基于医院感染实时监控系统,采用回顾性调查方法对某省级三甲医院2018—2020年医务人员发生的职业暴露事件进行调查分析。结果调查期间共上报职业暴露149例,护士(含进修、实习)占60.40%,工作年限<5 a的医务人员占62.42%。暴露方式以针、针头刺伤多见,占55.03%。发生环节主要为使用器械,占27.52%。主要的病原体为乙型肝炎病毒,占47.65%。预防性用药率为65.77%(98/149)。对全部暴露者进行随访,尚未发现感染病例。结论通过调查血源性职业暴露事件可揭示职业暴露的主要人群、方式及环节等因素,医务人员存在血源性职业暴露及感染风险。

Objective To investigate the status and characteristics of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff and provide basis for the formulation of targeted preventive measures.Methods A real-time monitoring system of nosocomial infection and retrospective investigation method were used to investigate and analyze occupational exposure incidents among medical staff in a provincial Grade-ⅢClass-A hospital from 2018 to 2020.Results A total of 149 cases of occupational exposure were reported,among which nurses(including further education and internship)accounted for 60.40%,and medical workers whose working seniority less than 5 years accounted for 62.42%.Needle and needle stabbing were the most common forms of exposure,accounting for 55.03%.The incidence was mainly caused by the use of devices,accounting for 27.52%.The main pathogen was hepatitis B virus,accounting for 47.65%.The preventive drug use rate was 65.77%(98/149).All exposed persons were followed up and no cases of infection were found.Conclusion The investigation of blood-borne occupational exposure events can reveal the main groups,the ways and links of occupational exposure and other factors,medical staff have the risk of blood-borne occupational exposure and infection.