基于制造业价值链的区域绿色制造水平评价——以宁波市为例

Evaluation of Regional Green Manufacturing Performance Based on Manufacturing Value Chain:Taking Ningbo City as an Example

以涵盖制造业价值链的各主要环节,融合产品全生命周期的各个阶段为出发点,构建了包括产品设计生态化水平、生产过程清洁化水平、能源利用高效化水平、回收再生资源化水平和产业耦合一体化水平五个维度的绿色制造评价模型。以宁波市为例,运用层次分析法和倒数方法对2014—2018年宁波市绿色制造水平进行测度。结果显示,宁波市绿色制造水平整体快速增长,五个维度指标对近年来宁波市绿色制造水平的提升均发挥了积极的推动作用。其中生产过程清洁化水平发展最为迅速,但近年有放缓迹象,回收再生资源化水平对宁波市绿色制造水平贡献较低。针对制造业价值链不同周期对应指标的量化计算结果,提出大力发展绿色工艺创新、优化宁波产业结构、完善资源回收再生体系等措施,以进一步推动宁波绿色制造水平提升。

A green manufacturing evaluation model with five dimensions was constructed,including the ecological level of product design,the clean level of production process,the efficiency level of energy utilization,the recycling level,and the coupling and integration level of industry,which covers all the main segments of manufacturing value chain and the various stages of the whole life cycle of products.Taking Ningbo as an example,the green manufacturing level from 2014 to 2018 was measured employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and reciprocal method.The results indicated that the overall green manufacturing level of Ningbo has been upgraded rapidly.Besides,the indicators of five dimensions played positive roles in promoting green manufacturing of Ningbo in recent years.Among them,the clean level of production process developed rapidly exceeding other four dimensions,but showed signs of slowing down in recent years.Besides,the recycling level made relatively small contribution to the green manufacturing level of Ningbo.Based on the quantitative calculation results of the corresponding indicators in different segments of the manufacturing value chain,measures such as developing green process innovation,optimizing industrial structure,and improving the resource recovery and regeneration system were proposed to further upgrade the green manufacturing level of Ningbo.