碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料与铝/镁合金连接研究进展

Research progress in joining of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites and aluminum/magnesium alloys

运载工具的轻量化是解决当前能源危机和环境问题的重要手段之一,得到国内外学者的高度重视。碳纤维增强树脂基(carbon fiber-reinforced polymer,CFRP)复合材料和以铝镁为代表的轻合金具有一系列优异的力学性能与加工特性,是极具应用前景的轻量化材料,实现这两种材料之间的有效连接,成为当下研究的热点。然而由于异种材料之间理化性能差异较大,在生产过程中混合应用多种轻量化材料仍面临巨大挑战。本文通过对胶接、机械紧固、搅拌摩擦及其变种工艺连接技术的研究进展、优缺点、发展趋势进行汇总分析,考察不同连接方式下获得接头的微观形貌,总结了CFRP与铝镁轻合金搅拌摩擦连接的三种机理包括宏观锚定、微观机械嵌合与化学键连接。最后,基于以上三种连接机理,指出进一步提升混合接头性能的关键在于增大金属母材表面粗糙度,增加熔融高分子面积和采用混合连接工艺。

The lightweight of vehicles is one of the important means to solve the energy crisis and environmental problems,which has been paid great attention by scholars at home and abroad.Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer(CFRP)composites and light alloys such as aluminum and magnesium alloys have a series of excellent mechanical properties and processing performance,representing lightweight materials with great application prospects.It has become a hot research topic to realize the effective joining between the CFRP and aluminum/magnesium alloys which are the promising lightweight materials.However,due to the significant differences in physical and chemical properties between these dissimilar materials,the mixed application of a variety of lightweight materials in the production process is still facing great challenges.The research progress,advantages and disadvantages,and development trend of bonding,mechanical fastening,friction stir welding and its variants were summarized and analyzed.The micro morphology of joints obtained under different bonding methods was investigated.Three mechanisms of friction stir joining between CFRP and aluminum/magnesium light alloys were preliminarily summarized through investigating the micro morphology of joints,including macro anchoring,micro mechanical chimerism and chemical bonding.Finally,based on the above joining mechanism,it is pointed out that the key to further improving the performance of hybrid joints is to increase the surface roughness of the base metal,increase the area of the molten polymer and adopt the hybrid joining techniques.