以“自然之性”涵括“仁义之资”——《淮南子》儒道融贯的人性思想

"The Intrinsic Nature"Encompassing"the Nature of Benevolence and Righteousness":The Integration of Confucianism and Taoism in Huai Nan Zi’s Human Nature Thought

《淮南子》将"性合于道"作为人性思想的本旨,在总结儒、道人性论核心观点的基础上,以"自然"融铸"仁义"新的诠释方式,扩充并丰富了道家的人性思想。立足"道德之意"的追究,道家始终秉承人性"自然"的传统;基于"教化成人"的意旨,儒家一贯坚持人性"仁义"的立场。《淮南子》从"道德"统摄"仁义"的关系辩正入手,疏解人性思想中儒道融贯的逻辑进路,提出了"自然之性"涵括"仁义之资"的主张。这表明在人性场域中,"自然"与"仁义"既有地位上的高下之分,又具备效用上的相通之处。除却文理上的运思,《淮南子》还从"善"的价值层面,将人性中"自然"与"仁义"的裂隙跌宕消解于"为善"的道德践履中,以此为基,为儒道融贯关系的实现开显出人性论的新意域。

Huai Nan Zi regards"nature in harmony with Dao(The Way)"as the essence of human nature thought.Based on the summary of the core propositions of human nature from Confucianism and Taoism,it broadens and enriches the human nature thought of Taoism through blending"benevolence and righteousness"into"nature".Based on the exploration of"the meaning of Dao(the Way)and De(potency)",Taoism emphasizes the natural state of human nature.In contrast,with the aim of"culturing people",Confucianism advocates the benevolence and righteousness of human nature.Huai Nan Zi starts from the dialectical relationship that"Dao and De"governs"benevolence and righteousness"to sort out and interpret the logic approach of Confucianism and Taoism in human nature thought,and finally proposes the idea that"the intrinsic nature"encompasses"the nature of benevolence and righteousness".It shows that in the domain of human nature,"nature"is not only superior to"benevolence and righteousness",but has the same utility with it.In addition to the thoughts on context,Huai Nan Zi also removes the misunderstanding between"nature"and"benevolence and righteousness"of human nature in the moral practice of"realizing good"from"goodness"value,opening up a new sense of human nature theory for the integration between Confucianism and Taoism.