《红楼梦》中的疾痛隐喻与女性形象建构

Metaphor of Disease and Construction of Female Images in A Dream of Red Mansions

疾病在文学之中并非单纯的病理学现象,它所表征的是背后的整个社会文化体系,是阐释空间与意义生成的载体。一部《红楼梦》,也是一部女性的疾病史。探寻她们的疾病之因,必须深入到其精神心灵世界的内部,她们情感无所依托的孤寂、爱欲无从排解的苦闷造成了身心的割裂,心理上的痛感与身体的病态互相作用。疾病不仅与女性的个体性格有密切之联系,父权文化所规定的社会性格也是促成女性病痛的重要导向因子。噬心腐骨的女性病痛有深层的社会根源,在父权与皇权所控制的婚姻机制与价值观念之下,女性的生存与精神空间被严重挤压,生命惨遭蹂躏,深陷疾病的漩涡之中沉沦。女性被病痛与现实所凌虐,死亡成为自我维护与清净解脱之地,她们在自恋与自虐的复杂心境中走向死亡,也是对既定命运范式的微末反抗。

Disease is not a simple pathological phenomenon in literature. It represents the whole social and cultural system behind it and is the carrier of interpreting space and meaning generation. A Dream of Red Mansions is also a medical history of women. To find out the causes of their illness,we must go deep into the inner world of their spiritual world. The loneliness that their emotions are anchorless and the depression that their passions cannot reconciled have resulted in the separation of their body and mind. The psychological pain and the sickness of their body interact with each other. Disease is not only closely related to womens individual personality,but also to the social personality stipulated by the patriarchal culture. There are deep social roots for womens pain. Under the marriage mechanism and value concept controlled by patriarchy and imperial power,womens living and spiritual space are severely squeezed,their lives are tragically ravaged,and they are sinking into the whirlpool of disease. Women are abused by illness and reality,and death becomes a place for self-preservation and purity. They go to death in the complex mood of narcissism and self-abuse,which is also a minimal resistance to the established fate paradigm.