关于《民法典》居住权问题的完善建议

Suggestions on the Perfection of the Right of Residence in the Civil Code

2020年5月28日,《中华人民共和国民法典》正式通过。“居住权”这一新型用益物权的创设成为《民法典》物权编的一大亮点。居住权的设定保障了特定群体的住房权益,充分发挥了房屋的利用价值,满足了司法裁判的需要。但是,《民法典》中关于居住权的规定仍然存在不完善之处,如设定方式局限、主体范围不明确、转让方式绝对化以及权利救济缺失,这些问题都容易导致司法实践中的困境,从而引起居住权纠纷。因此,本文从居住权的性质和功能出发分析并探究其出现的问题,从增设法定居住权、明确主体范围、适当允许转让以及对居住权人和所有权人进行规制等方面对居住权制度予以完善。

On May 28,2020,Civil Code of the People′s Republic of China was officially adopted,and"the right of residence",the creation of a new type of usufructuary right,has become a highlight of the series of the real rights in the Civil Code.The establishment of the right of residence ensures the housing rights and interests of specific groups,gives full play to the utilization value of houses,and meets the needs of judicial adjudication.However,there are still some imperfections in the provisions on the right of residence in it,such as the limitation of setting mode,the unclear scope of subject,the absolutization of transfer mode and the lack of right relief.These problems may easily lead to difficulties in judicial practice,resulting in disputes over the right of residence.Therefore,starting from the nature and function of the right of residence,this paper analyzes and explores its problems,and suggests improving the right of residence system from the aspects of adding legal right of residence,clarifying the scope of the subject,appropriately allowing transfer and regulating the righs of the resident and the owner.