数字平台反垄断的行为逻辑与认知维度

Behavioral Logic and Cognitive Dimensions of Anti-Monopoly Measures against Digital Platforms

国家开始针对大型互联网平台加强反垄断审查合规监管,一改以往仅在边际上依赖法院进行事后裁判的做法,更多依赖行政手段和公益诉讼模式。这其中体现出来的监管动因、认知角度和效果并不完全契合单纯从反垄断法角度进行的研究。因此有必要回到现实本身,思考国家如何认识反垄断问题,以及反垄断的原初意图和法律形式主义在多大程度上是契合或偏离的。从三个维度展开分析有助于更好地理解国家的反垄断进程:其一是关注要素的流动,即数字平台不得为要素自由流动设置障碍;其二是关注市场基础设施,即平台形成的市场应当依靠基础设施进行联通;其三是资本进入相关市场的合秩序性问题,例如进入金融、媒体、民生等领域。在此基础上,可以重新理解中国希望平台经济以何种方式按照特定商业模式进行扩展,以及如何重新定义市场。

The central government has strengthened supervision on monopoly behaviors of large digital platforms by changing the practice of relying on court arbitration to greater dependence on ad⁃ministrative measures and public litigation.The motives,cognitive angles and results of such supervi⁃sion are not totally in line with what comes out of studies from a pure anti-monopoly law perspective.It is therefore necessary to return to the question of why the state has to fight against monopoly,what is the intended aim of the anti-monopoly supervision and how much legal formalism has converged to or diverged from this aim.The following three dimensions are perhaps helpful to better understand the ac⁃tion of the government.The first dimension is the resource liquidity.That is,the digital platforms should not be an obstacle to the circulation of resources.The second dimension is infrastructure.That is,the markets formed by the platforms must rely on the infrastructural facilities in their operation.The third dimension is the orderliness of capital going into relevant markets.For instance,the financial sector,the media,and the livelihood of people.On this basis,we can reach a better under⁃standing of the ways that China expects platforms to develop by following certain commercial models and how we can redefine market.