基于生态位理论的设计运动与设计思潮之辨

On Design Movement and Design Trend of Thought Based on Niche Theory

目的厘清设计运动与设计思潮的界线和联系,重新认识设计运动与设计思潮的内涵,以此来探索设计系统演变发展的规律。方法从生态位视角,通过分析设计运动与设计思潮一般特征、"态"与"势",以及两者在设计生态体系中的重叠、分离和互补现象。结论群体性、动态性、周期性、历史规定性是设计运动与设计思潮共同的特征,并对设计系统演化发挥着分化、驱动和整合的功能。设计运动与设计思潮生态位存在着诸多重叠和交叉。但是,两者的互补性和关键性差异使得彼此未产生排斥现象,也无法相互取代。设计思潮形成于设计运动之中,构成了设计运动的精神实质并借助于设计运动使之传播更为深远。也就是说,有设计思潮,则往往产生与之相关的一个或几个设计运动,然而有设计运动,则未必一定产生与之相应的设计思潮。

The purpose of this article is to answer the questions and relearn design movement and design trend of thought and probe into rules of design revolution. From the perspective of ecological niche, this article analyse general character, state and potential, and discuss niche overlap, niche separation and niche complementarity of design movement and design trend of thought. This article states common characteristics between design movement and design trend of thought, such as group, dynamicity, periodicity, and historic. These common characteristics have differentiation, driving,and integration for the evolution of design system. The complementarity and key differences make the design movement and design thought not exclude each other and can’t replace each other. The design trend of thought is formed in the design movement and constitute the spiritual essence of design movement. With the help of design movement, design trend of thoughts spread more profoundly. In other word, if there is a design trend of thought, it is often associated with one or several design movements. However, if there is a design movement, there is not necessarily a corresponding design trend of thought.