软枣猕猴桃新品种丹阳的选育

Breeding report of a new Actinidia arguta Planch.cultivar Danyang

丹阳是由野生资源无性系选育出的中晚熟软枣猕猴桃新品种。果实呈扁圆形,果皮绿色,表面略有棱,不具蜡质,果肉翠绿色,质地细腻多汁,风味酸甜适中;平均单果质量20 g,最大单果质量46 g,果形指数0.85,出汁率91%,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)20.1%,总酸含量0.99%,糖酸比20.3,含有18种氨基酸,总量为18.03 mg·g^(-1),维生素C含量2.86 mg·g^(-1);品质上等。果实生育期110 d左右,在丹东地区(N40°07′,E124°23′)9月中、下旬成熟;每花序花朵数1~3,萌芽率50%,成枝力90%。较抗葡萄瘿螨。常温货架期5~10 d,1~3℃低温冷藏可达70 d。适合年平均降雨量450~1200 mm,无霜期120 d以上,10℃以上有效积温超过2500℃,冬季最低气温在-30℃以上,排水良好的弱酸性或中性土壤的地区栽培;第3年开花结果,产量15000 kg·hm^(-2)以上,丰产性好。

Danyang is a middle-late kiwi berry cultivar which selected from wild relates of Actinidia arguta Planch.It was initially selected in 2009 for its large fruit size and tasted sweet with sour.After regional adaptability testing at four sites(including Dandong,Dalian,Shenyang,Chaoyang)over eight years from 2010 to 2018,it was finally selected in 2019.The tree grows vigorously and the branches are thick and strong.Buds germinated at the lower part of the annual branch is easy to die,which resulting in bare branches phenomenon in the lower part of the branch.The leaves were dark green,broadovate,umbrella-shaped inflorescences,1-3 flowers in each inflorescence and the corolla were green white,the sepal was green.Fruits begin to set at the 4th-7th nodes of the new shoots and continue for 5-10 nodes with 1-3 fruits per node.The fruit is mainly oblate,has green peel and with slightly ridge in the fruit surface.Its flesh is green,rich juice,moderately sweet and sour in flavor.The average fruit weight is 20 g,maximum fruit weight is over 46 g.The yield was more than 15000 kg·hm^(-2).The content of soluble solid is 20.1%,the content of total acid is 0.99%,the sugar-acid ratio is 20.3,the content of Vitamin C is 2.86 mg·g^(-1).Fruit containing 18 amino acids with total content of 18.03 mg·g^(-1).The fruit development period is about 110 d and it matures at the middle and late September in Dandong area.1-3 flowers per inflorescence,germination rate is 50%,branching ability is 90%.This cultivar is resistant to grape gall mites.The fruit has long storage-life.It can be stored for 5-10 days at room temperature and more than 70 days at 1-3℃,when the soluble solid content reaches 6.5%.It was suitable for cultivation in areas where the annual average rainfall was 450-1200 mm,frost-free period was more than 120 d,annual average temperature was 5.4-10.0℃,effective accumulated temperature above 10℃was more than 2500℃and the minimum temperature in winter was more than-30℃.It likes the loam or sandy loam soil with good drainage and weak acid or neutral soil.Orchard should choose sandy loam soil or loam soil which is flat or hilly mountains and with character of loose and good permeability.Orchard should close to the water source and with good drainage,without late frost and wind damage,with sufficient light and convenient transportation.2-year seedlings were better chosen to establish orchard.Spacing in the rows and spacing between rows are 3 m×4 m or 2 m×5 m,and the ratio of female to male was 8∶1.Scaffolding cultivation is required and scaffolding and T-frame were general used.Pruning includes bud picking,thinning,pinching and shoot-twisting,aiming at controlling tree size and maintaining tree vigor.