明代贵州卫所粮饷困境与来源多元化研究

A study on the plight of food supply in Guizhou Wei-suo in Ming dynasty and the diversification of its sources

贵州在明朝具有十分重要的战略地位,是连接滇楚以至中原的重要通道,故明王朝在贵州共设有十八卫二守御千户所。充足的粮饷供应是卫所得以正常运转的保证,始终受到明中央及地方政府重视。但明代贵州因自然地理环境恶劣、屯田破坏以及战乱多发等原因,根本无力承担这支庞大卫所军队的粮饷供应。为此,明政府及贵州官员通过屯田、协济、赋税、中盐、内帑等措施来缓解卫所粮饷困境。明代贵州卫所粮饷困境及统治者在解决途径上的努力,反映出明代卫所制度崩坏、土司日益桀骜、土兵征调频繁、省际矛盾凸显等系列政治问题。

Guizhou has a very important strategic position in the Ming dynasty,and it is an important channel connecting Yunnan,Chu and the Central Plains.Therefore,the Ming dynasty established a total of eighteen guards and two guards in Guizhou.Adequate grain supply is the guarantee for the normal operation of the Guardian Institute,which has always been valued by the Ming central and local governments.However,in the Ming dynasty,Guizhou was unable to bear the food supply of this huge guard army due to poor natural and geographical environment,destruction of farmland and frequent wars.To this end,the Ming government and Guizhou officials eased the food rate dilemma of the Wei-suo through measures such as land reclamation,relief,tax,salt and internal funds.The dilemma of food rates and the efforts of the rulers in in the Ming dynasty and the efforts of the rulers in solving it reflected a series of political problems such as the collapse of the Wei-suo system in the Ming dynasty,the increasingly unruly chieftains,the frequent recruitment of soldiers,and the prominent inter-provincial conflicts.