软枣猕猴桃菌核病病菌生物学特性及药剂防治研究

Pathogen Identification and Susceptibility to Fungicides of Actinidia Arguta Root Rot Caused by Sclerotinia Nivalis

本研究运用组织分离法从软枣猕猴桃患病根部分离获得10个具有致病性的菌株。通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定,确定病原菌为Sclerotinia nivalis(核盘菌)。对Sclerotinia nivalis进行生物学特性和药剂敏感性研究。研究结果显示,病菌菌丝最适生长温度为20℃;PSA为最适菌丝生长的培养基;适宜菌丝生长的最佳碳、氮源分别为葡萄糖和蛋白胨;pH值为6.0时最适菌丝生长;全光照条件利于菌丝生长。采用生长速率法测定病菌对8种杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,该病原菌对25%咪鲜胺EC、50%腐霉利WP、25 g/L咯菌腈SC、50%异菌脲SC、45%菌核净WP敏感性较高,EC50<1.0 mg/L。本研究首次对Sclerotinia nivalis进行生物学及药剂敏感性测定,为田间软枣猕猴桃菌核病的防治奠定基础。

In this study, 10 pathogenic strains were isolated from the diseased roots of Actinidia arguta by tissue separation. After identification by morphology and molecular biology, the pathogen was identified as Sclerotinia nivalis. The biological properties and drug susceptibility of Sclerotinia nivalis were studied. Results demonstrated that the optimal growth temperature of mycelium was 20 ℃, PSA was the medium for optimal mycelial growth, the best carbon and nitrogen source for suitable mycelial growth were glucose and peptone, respectively;The suitable pH was 8. Full light conditions favor mycelial growth, and the mycelial growth rate was used to test the susceptibility of the pathogen to 8 fungicides. The results showed that the pathogenic bacteria had high susceptibility to 25% prochloraz EC, 50% procymidone WP, 25 g/L fludioxonil SC, 50% iprodione SC, 45% dimethachlon net WP, as EC50<1.0 mg/L. The biological and drug susceptibility determination of Sclerotinia nivalis was established for the first time, which laid a foundation for the prevention and treatment of Actinidia arguta in the field.