民法典时代个人信息保护的行政法回应

Administrative Law Response of Personal Information Protection System in Civil Code Era

域外对于个人信息保护的主流模式主要有分散立法与综合保护两种。在我国,尽管《民法典》中预留了个人信息行政法保护的立法接口,但实践中仍存在个人信息的收集处理程序缺失、行政机关监管力度较为薄弱、被侵权人主张民事诉讼难获救济和主张行政救济途径受阻等问题。未来,个人信息的行政保护应顺应时代的潮流,循序渐进。在立法层面,完善个人信息行政法保护体系,建立个人信息收集者与处理者的行政许可制度;在司法层面,确立个人信息保护组织在诉讼中的原告资格;在执法层面,健全个人信息行政监管机制。

There are two main modes of extraterritorial personal information protection:decentralized legislation and comprehensive protection.In China,although the legislative interface for the protection of personal information administrative law is reserved in the civil code,there are still some problems in practice,such as the lack of personal information collection and processing procedures,the weak supervision of administrative organs,the infringed’s claim that it is difficult to obtain relief in civil litigation and the obstruction of administrative relief.In the future,the administrative protection of personal information should comply with the trend of the times and step by step.At the legislative level,improve the protection system of personal information administrative law,and establish the administrative license system for personal information collectors and processors;At the judicial level,establish the plaintiff qualification of personal information protection organizations in litigation;At the level of law enforcement,improve the administrative supervision mechanism of personal information.