外来物种入侵刑法规制的法教义学分析

On the Doctrinal Analysis of the Criminal Regulation of Alien Species Invasion

《刑法修正案(十一)》将外来入侵物种的引进、释放和丢弃行为类型化、抽象化为具体的犯罪类型。然而,外来入侵物种的行政法规制面向与刑事立法规制面向却存在潜在的冲突,这一冲突制约着罪刑适用的科学性,不利于贯彻法制统一原则。基于此,《刑法》第三百四十四条所涉及的法益、罪状、罪量、罪过以及抗辩应予以科学的解释和分析。作为新增罪名,应以生态法益为其保护核心;对于引进、释放或丢弃外来入侵物种的解释应与《生物安全法》的相关条款保持融洽;罪量要素方面应考虑对生态系统和生物多样性的损害程度,罪过宜限缩解释为故意。

The Eleventh Amendment to the criminal law classifies and abstracts the introduction,release and discarding of alien invasive species into specific types of crimes.However,there is a potential conflict between the administrative law regulation of alien invasive species and the criminal legislation regulation.This conflict restricts the scientificity of the application of crime and punishment in the criminal law and is not conducive to the implementation of the principle of the unity of legal system.Based on this,the legal interests,counts of crime,amount of crime,fault and defense involved in article 344 of the criminal law must be scientifically explained and analyzed.As a new crime in the criminal law,ecological legal interests should be the core of its protection;The introduction,release or discarding of alien invasive species shall be interpreted in harmony with the relevant provisions of the biosafety law;In terms of the elements of crime amount,the degree of damage to ecosystem and biodiversity is mainly considered,and the crime should be limited and interpreted as intentional.