湿法冶金回收废旧锂电池正极材料的研究进展

Progress and prospect of recycling spent lithium battery cathode materials by hydrometallurgy

全球电动汽车和智能手机市场的逐年扩大,直接促进了全球锂离子电池市场规模的增加,锂离子电池的回收与再利用具有重要的经济和社会价值。本文综述了废旧锂离子电池正极材料的主要回收方法,包括梯次利用法、火法冶金法、湿法冶金法和直接回收法,重点综述了湿法冶金法的工艺流程和重要步骤,介绍了机械处理与正极材料浸出、浸出液的回收利用、有价值金属产物的再生合成的研究进展,最后对湿法冶金综合回收废旧锂电池正极材料的未来发展进行了展望。

The global market for electric vehicles and smartphones has expanded year by year,which has directly promoted the increase of the global lithium-ion battery market.The recovery and reuse of lithium-ion batteries has important economic and social value.In this paper,the main recycling methods of spent cathode materials for lithium ion batteries are reviewed,including cascade life-cycle reuse method,pyrometallurgical process,hydrometallurgical recovery process and direct recycling method.The process flow and important steps of hydrometallurgical metals reclamation are summarized emphatically,including mechanical treatment,cathode material leaching,recycling of leachate,regeneration and synthesis of valuable metal products.Finally,the future development of comprehensive hydrometallurgical recovery of spent cathode materials for lithium batteries is prospected.