聚酯生物降解及评价方法研究

Study on biodegradation of polyesters and their evaluation methods

塑料“白色污染”越来越引起人们的广泛关注,在自然界微生物的作用下能降解成为二氧化碳、水和无机物的生物降解材料是解决问题的一种有效途径。新型生物降解聚酯的开发离不开对材料生物降解性能的研究和评价方法的开发,为此,本文评述了生物降解聚酯的类型及其生物降解性能、聚酯降解微生物与酶的研究进展,介绍了土壤、堆肥和水体环境中的材料生物降解性评价方法。可以看到低成本、高性能是生物降解聚酯的发展方向;现有聚酯降解微生物和酶尚不能满足聚酯工业回收应用要求,需开发更高效、更稳定的酶;目前生物降解评价方法受接种环境影响大、评价周期长且难完全模拟材料在自然环境中生物降解行为,新型生物降解聚酯的开发也亟需可靠、快速的降解评价方法。

Plastic“white pollution”has attracted more and more people's attention.Biodegradable materials that can degrade into carbon dioxide,water and inorganic substances under the action of microorganisms in nature are an effective way to solve the problem.The development of new biodegradable polyesters heavily relies on the understanding of the biodegradation performances of the materials and support of the evaluation methods.Herein,we focus on the progress of study on biodegradable polyesters and their biodegradation,as well as polyester degrading microorganisms and enzymes.The biodegradability evaluation methods in soil,compost,and aquatic environment are also summarized.It can be seen that low cost and high performance are highly required for developing biodegradable polyesters.The existing polyester-degrading microorganisms and enzymes are still not applicable for industrial application for polyester recovery.Highly efficient and more stable enzyme technologies are required.In addition,current biodegradability evaluation methods are time-consuming.They are substantially influenced by inoculation environments,and can’t completely reflect biodegradation in natural environment.The development of new biodegradable polyesters is also in urgent need of reliable and rapid methods for degradability evaluations.