尧舜禅让传说的隐性社会结构探析

The Analysis of the Recessive Social Structure of Yao and Shun Legends

依据结构主义方法分析,尧舜禅让传说背后隐藏着两大深层社会结构:一是五官合议制,二是龙凤婚盟。依据前者,中央帝产生要经过四方部落首领同意;依据后者,龙凤两族舅甥相传,轮流执政。在相当长的时期里,两种结构是叠合在一起的。随着父系制逐步确立,舅甥疏远而父子相亲,五官合议及龙凤两族首领轮流执政的旧制被破坏,古史传说时代的禅让制宣告终结。

Based on the analyzing with the methods of structuralism,there were two deep social structures hidden behind the legend of Yao and Shun.One was the collective system of five officers.The other was the marriage alliance of Dragon and Phoenix.On the basis of the former,the central emperor generation should be agreed through four tribal leaders.And according to the latter,uncle and nephew in the alliance of Dragon and Phoenix took turns in power.For a very long period of time,the two structures were stacked together.With the gradual establishment of patriarchy,the uncle estranged with his nephew while the father became intimate with his son.As a result,the collective system of five officers and the taking turns in power of Dragon and Phoenix leaders were destroyed.And the demising system in ancient legend era came to the end.