德国城乡等值化的发展理念及其对中国的启示

The Development Concept of Urban-rural Equivalence in Germany with Implications for China

德国的农村发展主要得益于城乡等值化的发展理念。本文在介绍德国城乡等值化理念提出背景的基础上,系统阐述了城乡等值化发展理念的内涵与依据、城乡等值化发展的原则和目标,并以巴伐利亚州为例,深入分析了城乡等值化的实践做法,总结其主要经验在于科学的乡村建设规划、全面的土地综合整治、合理的产业结构调整、有序的乡村基础设施建设和有效的财政转移支付。论文最后提出了城乡等值化发展对中国农村发展的四点启示,即管理上推动城乡土地产权同权化、经济上以县域为发展的基本单元、生态上构建高质量发展的激励-约束双驱动机制以及文化上重塑乡村文化价值体系。

Rural development in Germany mainly benefits from the development concept of urban-rural equivalence.On the basis of introducing the background of the concept of"urban-rural equivalence"in Germany,this paper systematically expounds the connotation and basis of the development concept of"urban-rural equivalence"and the principles and objectives of the development of"urban-rural equivalence".Taking Bavaria as an example,this paper deeply analyzes the practical practices of"urban-rural equivalence",and summarizes its main experience in scientific rural construction planning,comprehensive land improvement,reasonable industrial structure adjustment,orderly rural infrastructure construction and effective financial transfer payment.Finally,four points of enlightenment from the development of"urban and rural equivalence development"to China’s rural development are put forward,namely,promoting the equalization of urban and rural land property rights,taking the county as the basic unit of economic development,building a mechanism for high-quality development of ecological environment driven by incentive and constraint,and reshaping the rural cultural value system.