《金史》“篡改开国史”辨

Differentiating and Analyzing on“Tampering with the Founding History”in the History of Jin

《金史》记载的金朝开国史是信史。“都勃极烈”不是金建国后女真国主的称号,而是生女真进入高级酋邦阶段后大酋长的称号。阿骨打建国之初只求民族自立,并没有灭辽的宏图,宋人文献称阿骨打是接受了杨朴“图霸天下,谋为万乘之国”的建议,才称帝建国的说法,既不符合金建国前后女真人的政治生态,也不符合杨朴的身份,当是宋人的演绎。在金向辽请求册封过程中杨朴的事迹是真实的,《金史》对此并未隐匿。宋晁公迈《历代纪年》成书早于《太祖实录》,明确记载金初存在“收国”年号。《太祖实录》没有虚构和编造金朝建国时间、国号、年号,据此撰写的《金史》没有篡改开国史。

The founding history of the Jin Dynasty recorded in the History of Jin is credible.“Dubojilie”(都勃极烈)is not the title of Jurchen king after the founding of the Jin Dynasty,but the title of great chieftain after the tribes of Raw Jurhen entered the advanced stage of Chiefdom.At the beginning of the founding of the country,Aguda(阿骨打)only sought the national independence and did not have the grand plan to end the reign of Liao Dynasty.According to the historical literature of the Song Dynasty,Aguda accepted Yang Pu s(杨朴)proposal of“seeking to dominate the world and being a great empire”and then founded the country.This viewpoint was not in line with the political ecology of the Jurchen society before and after the founding of Jin Dynasty,nor with Yang Pu s identity,which should be the deduction of the Song people.The record of Yang Pu s deeds were true when Jin asked Liao for being conferred the title of ruler of Jin regime,which has not concealed in the History of Jin.The Chronicles of Successive Dynasties written by Chao gongma(晁公迈)of the Song Dynasty,which was completed earlier than the Taizu Records of Jin Dynasty clearly recorded the reign title“Shou Guo”(收国)in the early Jin Dynasty.The Taizu Records of Jin Dynasty did not fabricate the founding time,country title or the reign title of the Jin Dynasty,and the History of Jin written accordingly did not tamper with the founding history of Jin.