基于生态系统服务理论的生态规划方法与技术研究

Research on Ecological Planning Methods and Techniques Based on Ecosystem Services Theory

生态规划的核心是合理、有效配置国土空间资源.传统生态规划中存在定量分析不足、生态功能区划不合理、生态资源供需不匹配等现象.生态系统服务一侧是生态系统过程和服务,另一侧是人类社会经济发展需求,易于表达、接受和定量评价.定量分析生态系统服务供给和人类需求可以作为资源环境承载力和国土空间适宜性评价的重要手段.运用3S、图像识别、大数据分析技术和InVEST模型,进行生态系统服务评价、生态系统服务分区、空间制图和供需匹配等工作,把生态系统的完整性和高效循环、生态系统服务的维持和提升、社会经济的需求和可持续发展作为生态规划的主要内容,构建生态系统服务网络.将生态系统服务融入到国土空间规划中,可以完善生态规划的理论、技术与方法.

The core of ecological planning is rational and effective allocation of land and space resources.There are some problems in traditional ecological planning,such as lack of quantitative analysis,unreasonable ecological function regionalization,and mismatch between supply and demand of ecological resources.On one side of ecosystem services are ecosystem processes and services,and on the other side are human social and economic development needs,which are easy to express,accept and evaluate quantitatively.Quantitative analysis of ecosystem service supply and human demand can be used as an important means of resource and environment carrying capacity and territorial space suitability evaluation.Using the 3Stechnology,image recognition,data analysis and InVEST model,the evaluation of ecosystem service,ecosystem services division,space mapping and matching of supply and demand,etc.were studied.The integrity of the ecosystem and the efficient cycle,maintenance and improve of ecosystem services,and the demand of social economy and sustainable development were considered as the main content of ecological planning and construction of efficient ecosystem services network.The theory,technology and method of ecological planning can be improved by integrating ecosystem services into national spatial planning.