中国农业面源污染的空间差异与影响因素分析

The analysis of the spatial difference and its influencing factors of agricultural non-point source pollution in China1,22

在乡村生态振兴战略背景下,深入考察当前农业面源污染的空间差异以及影响因素,对推进乡村环境治理体系和治理能力现代化具有重要意义。利用2003—2017年省级面板数据,采用单元调查法和空间计量分析方法,探讨中国农业面源污染的空间差异与影响因素。结果表明,农业面源污染的地区间差异是总体差异的主要来源,其中农业面源污染严重的区域主要集中在东部地区,农业面源污染较轻的区域主要集中在西部地区和东北地区,即中国农业面源污染呈现出由东中部地区向西北和东北地区递减的趋势。空间计量分析表明,农业面源污染呈现明显的空间正相关性,高污染集聚区域主要分布在东部沿海经济发达地区,低污染集聚区域主要集中在东北和西部经济欠发达地区。农业生产效率、清洁能源技术、产业结构优化、环境治理投资是降低农业面源污染的重要因素。因此,建议强化环境治理投资,加强农业绿色科技投入,推进农业产业结构调整,建立完善区域间联防联控,以提升乡村生态环境质量,促进农业农村现代化建设。

In the context of the rural ecological revitalization strategy,an in-depth investigation of the current spatial difference and its influencing factors of agricultural non-point source pollution is of great significance to the promotion of the modernization of the rural environmental governance system and governance capabilities.Based on the provincial panel data from 2003 to 2017 and applying the unit survey method and the spatial measurement method,this paper explored the spatial difference and its influencing factors of agricultural non-point source pollution in China.Results show that the regional difference in agricultural non-point source pollution is the main source of the overall difference.The areas with serious agricultural non-point source pollution are mainly concentrated in the eastern region,and the areas with light agricultural non-point source pollution are mainly concentrated in the western and northeastern regions.China’s agricultural non-point source pollution has shown a decreasing trend from the eastern and central regions to the northwest and northeast regions.Spatial econometric analysis shows that agricultural non-point source pollution presents an obvious positive spatial correlation.High-pollution agglomeration areas are mainly distributed in the eastern coastal economically developed areas,and low-pollution agglomeration areas are mainly concentrated in the northeast and western economically underdeveloped areas.Agricultural production efficiency,clean energy technology,industrial structure optimization,and environmental governance investment are important factors in reducing agricultural non-point source pollution.Therefore,to improve the quality of rural ecological environment and to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas,this paper suggests strengthening investment in environmental governance,increasing investment in agricultural green technology,promoting the adjustment of agricultural industry structure,and establishing and improving joint prevention and control among regions.