推动小农高质量发展:日本农业新政的指向与启示

Promoting the High-quality Development of Small-scale Farmers:The Direction and Enlightenment of Japan’s New Agricultural Policies

2020年3月,日本政府对《食物·农业·农村基本计划》进行了第五次修订。本次修订基于推动小农高质量发展的基本导向,设置了2030年日本农业在保障食物自给方面的奋斗目标,围绕该目标的实现,从增强食物供给能力、强化小农生产基础、激发偏远地区活力、推动小农绿色生产、提升小农抗冲击能力和检视农民组织改革成效等6个维度进行了未来10年的政策部署。本次修订对中国的启示是:立足小农、服务小农、强化小农是推动小农高质量发展的根本出路;确保粮食安全是推动小农高质量发展的第一要义;实现"人""地"和"技术"的高质量是推动小农高质量发展的关键;强化农村内生发展是推动小农高质量发展的重要方面;加大农业投入是推动小农高质量发展的重要手段。

In March 2020,Japan implemented the fifth revision of the Basic Plan for Food,Agriculture and Rural Areas.Based on the basic orientation of promoting the high-quality development of small-scale farmers,this revision of the plan has set a goal of Japan’s capacity for ensuring food self-sufficiency in 2030.Focusing on the realization of this goal,Japan would carry out the policy deployment for the next decade in six dimensions that include enhancing food supply capacity,strengthening the production foundation of small-scale farmers,stimulating the vitality of remote areas,promoting green production as well as the impact resistance of small-scale farmers and examining the effectiveness of the reform of small-scale farmers’organization.China could take Japan’s revision of the basic plan for reference to promote the high-quality of Chinese small-scale farmers.From the perspective of basic method,China should serve and strengthen small-scale farmers on their side.To ensure food security should be in the first place.Then,the key point is to realize the high-quality improvement of labor,land as well as technology.And finally,to strengthen rural endogenous development and increase agricultural investment are both important means.