基于构式理论与物性结构的动名定中复合词研究——从动词视角到名词视角

A Study on Modifier-head VN Compounds Based on Construction Grammar and Qualia Structure:From Verb-perspective to Noun-perspective

动名定中复合词以名词性成分为中心,基于转换生成理论与论元结构的动词视角研究却以动词性成分为中心,关注N是V的什么论元角色。视角错位是因为抛开表层看意义,抛开整体看成分,割裂了形式与意义的联系,会带来一系列问题。名词视角研究从构式理论和物性结构获得理论支持,着眼于表层和整体,关注V限定N的什么物性角色。定中复合词构式的功能是命名与分类,语义关系是"物性+事物"。构式决定了V不表动作,而表物性,涉及功用、施成、状态、规约化属性和构成等物性。重要的不是潜在的语义关系(格关系),而是构式中实现的语义关系(物性关系)。名词视角可以一以贯之,优化分类和释义,揭示生成机制,解决视角错位造成的相关问题。

The analysis from a verb-perspective based on Transformational-Generative Theory and argument structure cannot be applied to studying modifier-head VN compounds,as the heads of the compounds are nominal elements.Without taking into consideration the surface structure for meaning and the whole compounds,the analysis from the verb-perspective breaks up the relation between form and meaning,hence resulting in a series of tricky issues.Based on Construction Grammar and Qualia Structure,this paper presents a noun-perspective proposal,focusing on the surface structure instead of the deep structure,on compounds instead of morphemes.Different from the verb-perspective analysis that focuses on the argument roles of Ns,this current noun-perspective analysis focuses on the qualia roles of Vs.The functions of modifier-head compounds are naming and classification.Their semantic relations can be generalized as‘quale+entity’,whereby Vs are not supposed to express actions but specify qualia features,such as telic roles,agentive roles,states,conventionalized attributes,constitutive roles,and so forth.In the modifier-head construction,qualia relations are overt,while case relations are covert.This study shows that our noun-perspective analysis is more suitable for modifier-head compounds,as it can optimize their classification and dictionary definitions,reveal the mechanisms of generation,and resolve relevant vital problems for the compounds.