“境生于象外”--从意境的哲学基础看其美学内涵

"Jing"Coming from Exterior of"Xiang":On the Aesthetic Connotation of Artistic Conception on the Philosophical Basis of Aesthetic Connotation

以道家哲学为理论基础的美学命题“境生于象外”亦受到魏晋玄学关于言、象、意之辩的思想影响。竺道生借王弼“忘象”得“无”之见,来称说“象外”“言外”之旨,是对王弼“忘象”的否定,进而从王弼以“无”为美的本体思想推进到“象外”之“空”的美学原理。显现诸法实相的“象外”之说是美学范畴“意境”的佛学基础;“意境”是心境与外物的统一,是艺术家修养境界的显现,也是艺术作品对于宇宙本体的彰显。

The aesthetic idea"‘Jing'coming from exterior of‘Xiang'",which is based on Taoist philosophy,is also influenced by the metaphysical thought of speech,image and meaning in the Wei and Jin dynasties.("Jing"means artistic conception and"Xiang"means real existence.)Based on Wang Bi's idea of"fbigetting‘Xiang’",Zhu Daosheng explains the concept of"emptiness",thus delineating the meaning of "the exterior of‘Xiang'"and"beyond the words".It is a negation of Wang Bi's idea"fbigetting‘Xiang'",and makes an advancement from Wang Bi's thought of"‘emptiness'"is beauty to the aesthetic theory of"‘emptiness'from llthe exterior of‘Xiang'".The theory of "the exterior of‘Xiang'",which shows the reality of various dhanna is a basic Buddhist tiieory of the aesthetic category"artistic conception"."Artistic conception"is the unity of internal and external worlds,the manifestation of the artisfs self-cultivation,and the representation of the art works to the universe.