典型城郊县域乡村土地非农化空间格局演变及影响因素研究——以湖南省湘潭县为例

STUDY ON THE EVOLUTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF RURAL LAND NON-AGRICULTURALIZATION IN TYPICAL SUBURBAN COUNTY——TAKING XIANGTAN COUNTY,HUNAN PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

[目的]城郊型乡村可作为推进城乡融合发展和乡村振兴战略实施的首要区域,选取典型的城郊县域湘潭县,基于拓展的"人—地—业"框架开展土地非农化空间演变及影响因素研究,可助推其空间优化,从而实现人地关系的高质量发展。[方法]文章采用标准差椭圆、全局莫兰指数及冷热点分析乡村土地非农化的空间演变特征,并运用地理加权回归模型探讨其影响因素。[结果](1)湘潭县乡村土地非农化总体呈"东北—西南"空间分布特征且在此方向上的向心力逐渐趋强;(2)乡村土地非农化具有显著的空间自相关,呈"先上升、后下降、总体减小"的趋势,但空间关联程度在样本期间有所下降;热点区始终向西北部集聚,不平衡的"川"型分布格局在不断地强化,土地非农化不平衡现象突出且不断加剧;(3)对乡村土地非农化的显著影响因素包括人口密度、距最近建制镇距离、坡度、人均农村建设用地面积超标率、农村居民人均可支配收入、村民代表大会召开次数、村内企业个数、规模经营耕地面积比例和是否有合法村庄规划,各影响因素存在明显的空间异质性。[结论]基于"人—地—业"视角探讨不同区域乡村土地非农化影响因素的作用机理,可为科学制定乡村空间优化策略提供参考。

Suburban villages can be used as the primary area to promote the development of urban-rural integration and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.Taking the typical suburban county,Xiangtan county as an example,the research on the spatial evolution and influencing factors of land non-agriculturalization based on the expanded"population-land-industry"framework can promote its spatial optimization and achieve high-quality development of human-land relationship.The standard deviation ellipse,global Moran index and cold hot spot were used to analyze the spatial evolution characteristics of rural land non-agriculturalization,and the geographical weighted regression model was used to discuss its influencing factors.The results showed that(1)The rural land non-agricultural in Xiangtan county showed the spatial distribution characteristics of"northeastsouthwest"and the centripetal force in this direction gradually became stronger.(2)Rural land nonagriculturalization had a significant spatial autocorrelation,showing a trend of“rising first,then descending,and overall decreasing”,but the degree of spatial agglomeration decreased during the sample period;hotspots had always concentrated in the northwest,and the uneven“chuan”distribution pattern had been constantly strengthened.The imbalanced phenomenon of rural land non-agricultural was prominent and intensifying.(3)The significant influencing factors for land non-agriculturalization included population density,distance from the nearest established town,slope,per capita rural construction land area exceeding standard rate,per capita disposable income of rural residents,number of village congresses held,number of village enterprises in the village,the proportion of cultivated land area of large-scale operation and whether there was a legal village plan,there were obvious regional differences in various influencing factors.So,based on the perspective of"population-landindustry",discussing the mechanism of the influencing factors of rural land non-agriculturalization in different regions can provide reference for scientifically formulating rural space optimization strategies.