赛事公交车辆路径优化研究——以2022年北京冬奥为例

Research on vehicle routing problem of event bus:Taking 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics Games as an example

国际重大赛事活动通常具有多场馆联合承办赛事项目的特征,针对观赛人群在单比赛日内观看多场赛事活动的出行需求,考虑时间窗约束和载量约束,建立以最小化运营赛事公交使用、开行成本为目标的赛事公交车辆路径优化问题模型.模型考虑赛事公交载量及服务时间窗约束,利用两种有效不等式、禁忌搜索算法和基于最优时差插入法的遗传算法实现求解.最后,以2022年北京冬季奥运会两个比赛日的赛事项目为背景构建不同规模案例,对模型和算法进行验证分析.结果表明:所提出的方法可根据优化目标提供车辆路径优化方案,通过两种有效不等式能够提高57.3%的精确求解计算效率,采用遗传算法计算效率提升99.4%,能够适应不同规模算例的求解.

Major international events are usually characterized by the hosting events in multiple venues.Based on the travel demand of spectators who want to watch several events in a day during major international events,an route optimization model for event buses with the objective of minimizing the use of event buses and driving costs is established considering the time window constraint and the load constraint.Demand-responsive transit service is conducive to flexibly meeting the travel demand of spectators during the event,which can reduce the difficulty of travel decisions and the waiting time for travel.The two set of valid inequalities,tabu search algorithm and a genetic algorithm based on the optimal time difference insertion method are used to solve the model.Finally,the model and algorithm are verified and analyzed with the case of two competition days in 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.The results show that the proposed method can provide optimized event bus routing scheme according to the optimized objective function.The computational efficiency of the solution is improved by 57.3%by the two set of valid inequalities,and improved by 99.4%by using the genetic algorithm,which can adapt to the calculation of actual cases in different scales.