译以致用:晚清时期翻译的工具性与译者主体性

Translating for Using:Instrumentality of Translation and Translators’Subjectivity during the Late Qing Dynasty

以“译以致何用”为标准,将晚清时期的翻译活动分为译以自强制敌、译以启发民智以及译以满足个人利益三种类型,并从译者的政治主张、翻译目的、源语文本选择以及翻译思想等方面对各类翻译活动中的译者主体性进行探讨。研究发现,晚清时期的译者主体性既具有时代的共性又具有不同群体或个人的个性。此外,虽然晚清时期翻译具有的鲜明工具性特点体现出译者对于其所从事翻译活动的用途有着明确看法,显示出译者的主观能动性,但却不能被默认为是译者主体性发挥的标志与信号。

According to the standard of“what the translation is used for”,this study divides the translation activities during the late Qing Dynasty into three types:translation for self-improvement and defeating the enemy;translation for edifying the wisdom of people and translation for satisfying personal interests.Then the subjectivity of translators in each type of translation activity is discussed from such aspects as translation practitioners’political position,their intention of translation,their selection of source texts and their view of translation.The study finds that the subjectivity of translators in the late Qing Dynasty has both the generality and particularity.Besides,although the distinctive instrumentality of translation in the late Qing Dynasty shows translators’clear view of the use of the translation activity they were engaged in,which embodies the subjective initiative of translators,but cannot be regarded as an indicator and signal of translators’giving play to their subjectivity.