个人信息权的法益与性质的审视与再界定

Review and Redefine the Legal Benefits and Nature of Personal Information Rights

我国个人信息保护制度正在快速探索与不断完善之中,但迄今为止尚未对个人信息权的法益与性质等基本问题予以明确,这为理论界的探讨与解释留下了巨大的空间,但目前理论界观点已较为明显地与个人信息保护实践相脱节,将个人信息权置于民事权利体系下将弱化其应有功能,不利于个人信息权益的保护与信息化社会的稳定快速发展。个人信息权与民事权益之间具有较为明显的不相兼容性,个人信息权的法益为个人在信息处理活动中的个人安全利益,而非民事财产经济利益或人格利益。个人信息权设立目的在于事前性控制预防信息处理活动对个人权益所带来的抽象危险。个人信息保护制度构建了以国家、信息处理者、个人为三方法律主体的行政性法律关系,创设于个人信息保护制度的个人信息权宜定性为行政性个人权利。《个人信息保护法(草案)》及《数据安全法》为个人信息权的行政保护与救济提供了一条清晰的路径。当违法信息处理活动使个人信息权受到侵害时,个人可向履行个人信息保护职责的部门寻求救济,当相关部门消极不履职时,可向其上级等其他相关部门寻求救济,或以诉讼作为权利保护的最后一道防线,向不履职的责任部门提起行政诉讼。

The personal information protection system in China is being rapidly explored and continuously improved,but so far has not yet clarified basic issues such as the legal benefits and nature of personal information rights.The viewpoints of the current theories have been clearly out of touch with the practice of personal information protection.Subsuming the right of personal information under the civil rights system will weaken its due function,which is not conducive to the protection of personal information rights and the stable and rapid development of the information society.The legal benefits of personal information rights are the personal security interests of individuals in information processing activities,rather than the economic interests or personality interests of civil property.The purpose of defining personal information rights is to control and prevent information processing risks to personal rights.The personal information protection system establishes an administrative legal relationship between the state agency,information processors,and individuals."Personal Information Protection Law(Draft)"and"Data Security Law"provide a clear path for the administrative protection and relief of personal information rights.