从双分联动到多态重叠:个体身份研究范式转向

From Two-Point Linkage to Polymorphism of Overlapping:A Paradigm Shift in the Study of Individual Identity

民族国家与全球化时代的交汇与叠加给个体身份问题研究带来挑战,需要推进研究范式的转换。可以将民族国家时代个体身份的传统研究范式概括为"双分联动",即从"政治-法律"和"文化-心理"两个维度对不同个体身份属性进行区分,在"双分"语境下讨论不同个体身份间的"联动"问题。全球化时代涌现一系列可以确认个体身份的新兴行为主体,包括纵向的超国家、跨国家、次国家行为主体以及横向的社团实体组织和网络虚拟社群等。基于这种现实,可以以文化-心理维度为横轴,政治-法律维度为纵轴,以坐标原点为圆心,绘制次国家、国家、跨国家和超国家四个同心圈层,根据不同行为主体在圈层中的位置分布来表征个体身份,形成一种"多态重叠"的研究范式。全球化时代的个体身份及其认同具有动态化特征,并且受到时空场景的重要影响。

The intersection and overlapping of the nation-state and the era of globalization bring challenges to the study of individual identity,which requires the shift of research paradigms.The traditional research paradigm in the era of nation-state can be summarized as"two-point linkage",which divided the characteristic of individual identity into"politics-law"and"culture-psychology".This paradigm can be used to explore the"linkage".In the era of globalization,numerous forms emerge to confirm individual identity,including,vertically,supranational,trans-national,sub-national entities,and,horizontally,community entities and network virtual communities.Accordingly,four concentric circles---sub-national,national,trans-national,supranational---can be configured,with the"culture-psychology"as the horizontal axis,the"politics-law"as the vertical axis,and the coordinate origin as the center point.The coordinates represented different types of individual identity,which eventually form a polymorphism of overlapping paradigm.The individual identity and identification in the era of globalization are dynamic,susceptible to influences of the spatio-temporal scene.