基于状态义场景描述的存现句原型特征再探

A Further Exploration of the Prototype Features of Chinese Existential Sentence——A State Semantic Scene Description

文章借鉴认知构式语法理论和方法,基于"状态义场景描述"的定位,对现代汉语存现句加以重新审视,揭示其原型特征,为进一步考察该构式的扩展、偏离和承继提供可靠的依据。具体讨论如下三个方面:第一,功能甄别,对存在句的陈述和描述功能进行甄别,并将"描述性存在句"作为本文探讨对象;第二,语义整合,通过解析由不及物动词构成的原型式和及物动词构成的扩展式,揭示该构式的构式义和语用功能;第三,构式偏离,从静态与动态角度,探讨了存在句的偏离,并进一步解析了描述性的"出现"与"消失"句。

Based on the state semantic scene description,this paper makes a further exploration of the Chinese Existential Sentence and reveals its prototype features by applying the Cognitive Constructional Grammar theory and method.Three aspects are discussed in details:(1)Function.it discriminates the function of statement and description of existential sentence and takes the"descriptive existential sentence"as the object of this study;(2)Semantic Integration.It reveals the constructional meaning and pragmatic function by analyzing the prototypical form of intransitive verb and the extension of transitive verb;(3)Constructional Deviation.It discusses the deviation from static and dynamic points of view and further analyzes the descriptive"appear"and"disappear"sentence.