基于气水雾化的采煤工作面多尘源联控降尘技术研究

Multi-dust source joint control and dustfall technology based on air-water atomization in coal mining face

针对采煤工作面产尘点多、粉尘浓度高、作业环境差等问题,采用质量法实测并分析了采煤工作面沿程粉尘扩散及采煤机区域粉尘浓度分布规律。在气水雾化技术研究的基础上,以采煤机高效气水雾化外喷雾为主要降尘措施,以转载破碎机防尘和巷道全断面气水雾捕尘为辅助降尘措施,提出了基于气水雾化的采煤工作面多尘源联控降尘技术,研制了多尘源联控降尘装置,并在柴家沟井42222采煤工作面进行了现场应用。研究结果表明,采煤工作面沿程粉尘浓度呈现先增大后减小趋势,采煤机区域为主要尘源点,粉尘浓度在采煤机割煤尘源点附近出现叠加效应;采煤机逆风割煤的全尘浓度大于顺风割煤,并在采煤机下风侧出现全尘浓度的最大值;使用多尘源联控降尘技术后,平均降尘率均达到80%以上,可有效改善采煤工作面的作业环境。

Aiming at the multiple dust producing points,high dust concentration and poor working environment in coal mining face,the dust diffusion along the coal mining face and the dust concentration distribution in the shearer area are measured and analyzed using the mass method.Based on the research of gas-water atomization technology,the shearer’s high efficiency gas-water atomization external spray is taken as the main dustfall measure,and the transfer crusher’s dust prevention and the whole section of roadway’s gas-water atomization are taken as the auxiliary dustfall measure.The technology of multi-dust source joint control and dustfall in coal mining face based on gas-water atomization is proposed,and the multi-dust source joint control and dust reduction device is developed and applied in coal mining face 42222 in Chaijiagou Mine.The results show that the dust concentration increases first and then decreases along the coal mining face.The shearer area is the main dust source point,and the dust concentration appears superposition effect near the coal dust source point.The total dust concentration of upwind coal cutting of shearer is greater than that of downwind coal cutting,and the maximum total dust concentration appears on downwind side of shearer.The average dust removal rate is over 80%after using the multi-dust source joint control technology,which can effectively improve the working environment of coal mining face.