何首乌种子萌发条件的优化和育苗条件的筛选

Conditions Optimization of Fallopia multiflora Seed Germination and Its Seedling Emergence

以野生何首乌(Fallopia multiflora)种子为试材,采用光照培养箱进行萌发试验,设置了4个温度条件(20~25、20~30、25℃和25~30℃),2种发芽床(纸上和沙上),3个浓度赤霉素溶液(0.125、0.250、0.500 mg·mL^(-1),蒸馏水作对照)浸种;采用育苗盘进行育苗试验,设置了3种育苗基质(塘泥、沙、塘泥加沙混合)和3个播种深度(0、0.5、1.0 cm);以发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根和苗长等指标,考察了各组种子萌发和出苗效果,以期为何首乌种子质量检测和育苗栽种提供参考依据。结果表明:温度考察中,何首乌种子在变温20~25℃条件下获得最高发芽率(75.8%),恒温25℃(TP)培养时发芽势最高(P<0.05);3个浓度赤霉素溶液浸种均能显著提高发芽率,浓度为0.500 mg·mL^(-1)时发芽率最高(87.0%)。育苗基质选择试验中塘泥培养出苗率最高,沙子培养的幼苗胚根最长(P<0.05)。采用塘泥为基质,播种深度0.5 cm时有最高的出苗整齐度(GE),播种深度增加至1.0 cm时出苗率显著降低。

Taking Fallopia multiflora seeds as test materials,four temperature groups(20-25 ℃,20-30℃,25 ℃,and 25-30 ℃)and two germination beds groups(top of paper and top of sand)were set up.Three concentrations of gibberellin acid(GA3)solution(0.125,0.250,0.500 mg·mL^(-1),distilled water as the control)were used to presoak the seeds for 24 hours before sowing.In the seedling emergence test,effects of three kinds of culture mediums(pond sludge,sand,mixture of pond sludge with sand)and sowing depths(0 cm,0.5 cm and 1.0 cm)were investigated.Parameters of germination percentage(GP),germination energy(GE),germination index(GI),fresh weight of seedlings,vigor index(VI),and lengths of radicals and seedlings were used to evaluate the effects,in order to provide a reference for the seed quality testing and seedling cultivation of Fallopia multiflora.The results showed that seeds cultured at 20-25℃ (night/day)acquired the highest GP(75.8%).Seeds cultured at constant 25 ℃ (on the top of paper)acquired the highest GE.Compared to the control,the GPs of all the groups presoaked by GA_(3) solutions were increased significantly.The highest GP was 87.0%,while the concentration was 0.500 mg·mL^(-1).Seeds sown in pond sludge acquired the highest seedling emergence.Seedlings cultured in sands possessed the longest radicles.Seeds sown in pond sludge at 0.5 cm depth acquired the highest germination energy.However,seedling emergence was significantly inhibited while the depth increased to 1.0 cm.