不同品种甘草化学成分、药理作用的研究进展及质量标志物(Q-Marker)预测分析

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of different varieties of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and predictive analysis of quality markers

甘草为多年生草本植物,为我国传统常用中药材。《中国药典》2020年版中收载甘草为乌拉尔甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis、光果甘草G.glabra、胀果甘草G.inflata 3个品种。不同品种甘草在某些化学成分上不仅存在含量上的差异,也存在种属特异性,药理活性也不尽相同。对不同品种甘草化学成分、药理作用的研究进展进行综述,并对其质量标志物(quality marker,Q-Marker)进行预测分析,建议将黄酮类化合物甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素和三萜类化合物甘草酸、甘草次酸作为3种甘草的Q-Marker。另外考虑到不同品种之间成分的特有性和各自的优势生物活性,建议可以将光甘草定作为光果甘草的Q-Marker,将查耳酮A作为胀果甘草的Q-Marker,以期为明确不同品种甘草Q-Marker及不同品种甘草药材质量标准建立及合理开发利用提供理论依据。

Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)is a traditional Chinese medicinal material commonly used in China.The three different varieties of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia are Glycyrrhiza uralensis,G.glabra and G.inflata.Some chemical constituents of different varieties of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are not only different in content,but also in species specificity and pharmacological activities.Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of different varieties of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are reviewed in this paper,and their quality markers(Q-Marker)are predicted and analyzed.It is suggested that flavonoids compounds liquiritin,isoliquiritin,liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin,and triterpenoids compounds glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid should be used as Q-Marker of the three Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.In addition,the specificity of components and their dominant biological activities among different varieties were considered,it is suggested that glycyrrhiza glabridin can be used as Q-Marker of G.glabra,and chalcone A can be used as Q-Marker of G.inflata,hoping to clarify the Q-Marker of different varieties of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and providing theoretical evidence for the establishment and rational development and utilization of quality standards for different varieties of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.