高层次人力资本投入与出口企业创新产出:横向创新与纵向创新

High-end Human Capital Input and Innovation Output of Export Enterprises: Horizontal Innovation and Vertical Innovation

本文基于中国工业企业数据、海关数据以及企业层面人力资本投入数据考察了高层次人力资本投入对出口企业横向创新(新产品产出)和纵向创新(产品质量升级)的影响。研究发现:(1)高层次人力资本投入显著提升了出口企业的新产品产出和产品质量。(2)机制检验发现,高层次人力资本通过增加研发投入、引进外部技术和促进专利产出激励了出口企业的新产品产出;通过增加研发投入、进口中间品使用以及高质量专利产出促进了出口产品质量升级。(3)当高层次人力资本处于不受补贴企业、非国有企业、市场化程度高的地区和信任文化浓厚的地区时,对创新产出的积极影响更大。(4)有无高层次人力资本投入、员工性别构成、人力资本多样性等人力资本结构性问题是影响企业新产品产出的重要因素。高层次人力资本与新产品产出存在倒U型关系,而与产品质量之间不存在这一关系。本文结论证实了高层次人才在企业发展中的重要作用,对以高层次人才战略促进出口企业高质量发展、增强中国企业国际竞争力具有一定的启示。

Based on Chinese industrial enterprise data, customs data, and enterprise-level human capital input data,this paper examined the impact of high-end human capital input on horizontal innovation( new product development) and vertical innovation( product quality upgrade) of export companies. The study finds that:( 1) The increase in high-end human capital significantly improves the new product output and product quality of export companies.( 2) High-end human capital promotes the output of new products of export companies by increasing R&D investment,introducing external technology and promoting patent output,and it promotes the product quality of export companies by increasing R&D investment,the use of imported intermediate products,and the output of high-quality patents.( 3) When high-end human capital is in unsubsidized enterprises, non-state-owned enterprises, market-driven regions or regions with strong culture of trust,it has a greater positive impact on the output of innovation.( 4) The existence of high-end human capital investment,the gender imbalance of human capital,the diversity of human capital are important factors affecting the horizontal innovation of enterprises. In addition,high-end human capital has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the output of new products,but there is no such relationship with product quality. The conclusions of this article illustrate the importance of high-end human capital in the development of enterprises,and it has certain enlightenment on how to promote the high-quality development of export enterprises and enhance the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises.