1917—1927年苏俄-苏联对华“双轨”外交述略

A Brief Account on the "Double Track" Diplomacy of the Soviet Union toward China(1917—1927)

20世纪20年代苏维埃俄国-苏联在对华政策上实施"双轨"外交,以达到推进世界革命和实现国家利益的双重目标。由外交人民委员部承担的对华公开外交事务主要解决与北京政府建立正式外交关系;由共产国际系统承担的非正式外交活动主要支持中国的革命政党、推进共产主义运动和反帝民族运动。20年代中国政局的混乱和南北政府的分立给"双轨"外交提供了特殊条件。从当时的实践效果看,这种"双轨"外交使苏俄-苏联在对华外交中掌握了主动权,实现了其国家利益。但从长远的目标看,共产国际将建立社会主义新政权的希望寄托在国民党和共产党的合作以及对国民党的改造上,则是失败的。

In the 1920s,the Soviet Union implemented the "double track" diplomacy in its China policy in order to achieve the dual goals of promoting the world revolution and realizing national interests.The formal diplomatic affairs with China were managed by the People’s Committee for Foreign Affairs,mainly to establish formal diplomatic relations with the Beijing government;while the informal diplomatic activities were undertaken by the Comintern system,mainly to support China’s revolutionary political parties and promote the Communist and the anti-imperialist movements.The chaos of China’s political situation and the separation of the north and South governments in the 1920s facilitated the Soviet Union to initiate its diplomacy with China and boost its national interests.However,for the long run,it was a failure for the Comintern to place its hope of establishing a new socialist China based on the KMT-CCP cooperation and the transformation of the KMT.