尼克松政府对华“经济接触”政策与实践——以“美中贸易全国委员会1973年访华”为案例

Nixon’s Economic Engagement Policy and the National Council’s 1973 Visit to China

"经济接触"是尼克松对华"接触外交"的一项重要政策。该政策的最初目的是向中国"示好",但随着双边关系的发展,美国国务院与国家安全委员会对"经济接触"是否应当超越"示好"而转入正式贸易谈判展开了争论。美中贸易全国委员会正是这一分歧的妥协产物。从短期目标来看,由于美国政府内部政策争斗,该委员会于1973年的首次访华并未取得预期效果;但从长远来看,此次访问事实上将"经济接触"政策推入了下一阶段,从而完成了超越"示好"的目的。

"Economic engagement" was a key policy of Nixon’s "engagement diplomacy" with China.The initial purpose of this policy was to make a "friendly gesture" to China,but as the bilateral relations developed,the State Department and the National Security Council debated on whether"economic engagement" should go beyond a "gesture to formal trade negotiations.The National Council for U.S.-China Trade was a compromise out of this disagreement.In the short term,the National Council s first visit to China in 1973 did not achieve the desired effect due to the internal policy struggles within the U.S.government.However,in the long run,the visit actually pushed the "economic engagement " policy to the next stage,thus fulfilling the purpose of going"beyond a gesture".