路面噪声产生机理及评价方法综述

Survey of Generation Mechanism and Evaluation Methods of Road Noise

城市交通噪声严重影响了人们的生活品质,其中占比最大的是轮胎—路面噪声。为了研究如何更好地评价与测试轮胎—路面噪声,现对路面噪声分类、轮胎—路面噪声产生机理及室内外路面噪声测试方法进行了综述。研究表明,根据轮胎—路面噪声产生的机理不同,频率由高到低,分别为泵气噪声、黏附噪声及轮胎震动噪声。室内测试的方法主要为直接测量沥青混合料的声学参数或测量轮胎与沥青混合料碰撞、摩擦发出的噪声。优点为占地面积小、干扰因素少、实验参数精准可控、数据变异性小;缺点为无法模拟轮胎与路面在重载、高速滚动摩擦时发出的噪声。室外的测试方法主要为直接测试汽车在真实路面上行驶时产生的噪声。优点为符合实际的轮胎—路面噪声产生机理;缺点为其他交通噪声干扰因素过多,数据变异性大。研究发现,为了更加真实地反应轮胎—路面噪声,可采用多种测试方法相结合,综合评价轮胎—路面噪声;或根据不同产生机理的轮胎—路面噪声频谱特性,在低-中-高频段分别采集噪声,并进行分析。

Urban traffic noise has a serious impact on people’s quality of life,of which tire road noise is the largest proportion.In order to study how to better evaluate and test tire road noise,this paper summarized the classification of road noise,the mechanism of tire road noise generation and the indoor and outdoor road noise test methods.The results showed that,according to different mechanism of tire road noise,the frequency from high to low was pumping noise,adhesion noise and tire vibration noise.The indoor test method was mainly to directly measure the acoustic parameters of asphalt mixture,or to measure the noise generated by the collision and friction between the tire and asphalt mixture.The advantages of the method were that the interference factors were less,the experimental parameters were accurate and controllable,and the data variability was small.The disadvantage was that it was unable to simulate the noise generated by the tire and pavement in heavy load and high-speed rolling friction.The outdoor test method was mainly used to directly test the noise generated by the vehicle running on the real road.The advantages were in line with the actual tire road noise generation mechanism,while the disadvantages were that there were too many other traffic noise interference factors and large data variability.It was found that in order to more truly reflect the tire road noise,a variety of test methods could be used to comprehensively evaluate the tire road noise,or according to the frequency band characteristics of the tire road noise generated by different mechanisms,the noise could be collected and analyzed in the low middle high frequency band.