17个紫山药地方品种的品质比较与评价

Comparison and evaluation on the quality of 17 local varieties of purple yam

[目的]筛选适宜漳州富硒地区种植的富硒高品质紫山药资源,助力福建山药产业发展。[方法]收集福建及周边省份的17个紫山药地方品种,种植于福建省漳州市云霄县马铺乡富硒家庭农场。测定了花色苷、粗多糖、尿囊素、淀粉、粗纤维、蛋白质、粗灰分、可溶性糖和硒等9个品质指标,并进行聚类分析、相关性分析及主成分分析。[结果](1)除淀粉外,其余8个指标的变异系数(CV)均在20%以上,其中花色苷CV高达93.34%;17个地方品种全硒含量在0.040~0.271 mg·kg^(-1)之间,均达到福建省富硒农产品硒含量分类要求。(2)相关分析表明,淀粉含量高的地方品种一般粗纤维、蛋白质、粗灰分、可溶性糖和尿囊素含量较低;蛋白质含量高的地方品种一般尿囊素含量较高;可溶性糖含量高的地方品种一般粗多糖含量较高;硒含量与所测的其他指标均无显著相关。(3)采用主成分分值进行综合品质评价,综合得分大于1的地方品种分别为来源于福建省连城县、福建省云霄县、安徽省金寨县、浙江省黄岩区、江西省丰城市的1号、12号、13号、15号、16号。[结论]来源于福建省云霄县的12号紫山药综合品质最优,富硒能力中等偏上;来源于福建省连城县的1号紫山药综合品质排名第2,富硒能力最强,二者在云霄县马铺乡种植适应性好且长势旺盛,适合进一步推广。

[Purpose]In order to screen high-quality purple yam resources rich in selenium and boost yam industry in Fujian Province,qualities of local yam varieties were comprehensively evaluated.[Method]A total of 17 local varieties of purple yam collecting from Fujian and its neighbors were planted on a selenium-rich family farm in Mapu Township,Yunxiao County,Zhangzhou City,Fujian.Up to 9 quality indicators,including selenium,anthocyanin,crude polysaccharide,allantoin,starch,crude fiber,protein,soluble sugar and crude ash were determined.Comprehensive quality scores of different varieties were assessed by cluster analysis,correlation analysis and principal component analysis.[Result](1)Variable coefficients of the 8 indicators all exceeded 20%except starch,and maximized in anthocyanin content at 93.34%.Total selenium contents ranged between 0.040-0.271 mg·kg^(-1) among the local varieties,which all met the quality standard of selenium-rich agricultural products in Fujian.(2)No significant correlation was found between selenium content and other quality indicators.Contents of crude fiber,protein,ash,soluble sugar and allantoin were generally low in high-starch content varieties;allantoin content was generally high in the varieties with high protein content;and polysaccharide content was generally high in the varieties with high soluble sugar content.(3)Local varieties with comprehensive scores greater than 1 were No.1,No.12,No.13,No.15 and No.16 resources from Liancheng County of Fujian Province,Yunxiao County of Fujian Province,Jinzhai County of Anhui Province,Huangyan District of Zhejiang Province and Fengcheng City of Jiangxi Province,respectively.[Conclusion]No.12 local variety from Yunxiao is considered the premium quality,with selenium enrichment capacity surpassing the average;the comprehensive quality of No.1 variety from Liancheng was ranked second,with the highest selenium enrichment capacity.No.1 and No.12 varieties are both highly adaptable,and recommended to be grown in larger scale in Mapu Township,Yunxiao.