慈善捐赠人撤销权的制度选择及合理性追问

The institutional choice of revocation right of charitable donors and inquiry into its rationality

慈善捐赠人撤销权制度对于破解我国当前慈善领域现实难题具有指导意义。目前学界对慈善捐赠的性质还存在争论,司法实务中对于慈善捐赠纠纷案件一般按照赠与法律关系来处理。我国当前以赠与法律关系为基础构建的慈善捐赠人撤销权制度对捐赠人意愿的保护力度不够,而且扩大了慈善组织的权利边界,容易引发权利滥用。对此,宜按区分原则对直接捐赠、间接捐赔分类规定,同时在内容上增加捐赠人在特定情形下的法定撤销权,在程序上保障捐赠人意愿与公共利益之间的平衡。

The system of revoking the right of charitable donors is of guiding significance for solving the practical problems in China's current charitable field.At present,there are still debates on the nature of charitable donation in the academic circle.In judicial practices,charitable donation disputes are generally handled according to the legal relationship of donation.The current system of revoking the right of charitable donors based on the legal relationship of donation in China is not strong enough to protect the donor's will,and it expands the right boundary of charitable organizations,which is easy to lead to the abuse of rights.In this regard,it is advisable to classify direct donations and indirect donations according to the principle of distinction,and at the same time to increase the legal revocation right of donors under specific circumstances in terms of content,so as to guarantee the balance between donors'wishes and public interests in terms of procedure.