基于乡村振兴的高素质农民内涵、特征与功能研究

Research on the Connotation, Characteristics and Functions of High-Quality Farmers Based on Rural Revitalization

单纯依靠外源性的资源输入难以实现乡村振兴,乡村振兴的关键是要坚持农民的主体地位。但是,随着城镇化和工业化快速发展对乡村劳动力的虹吸,留守乡村从事农业生产经营的农民呈现老龄化、妇女化、原子化特征,部分农民的素质结构制约了他们成为促进乡村振兴的有效主体,这就需要培育一批能够将原子化农民组织起来与市场经济对接的内生性新主体,而再造于农村、具有一定规模经营的青壮年高素质农民就是这类新主体的理想群体。职业理念新、职业素质高、职业情怀深、经营范围广、带动能力强的高素质农民具备乡村振兴对人才的场域、经营和素质等方面的需求,能够在乡村振兴中扮演产业振兴的先行者、文化振兴的传承者、生态振兴的维护者、组织振兴的参与者角色。

Relying solely on exogenous resource input is difficult to achieve rural revitalization. The key to rural revitalization is to adhere to the dominant position of farmers. However, with the siphon of the rural labor force for the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, the farmers engaged in agricultural production and management in the villages show the characteristics of aging, feminization and atomization. The quality structure of farmers restricts them from becoming effective subjects to promote rural revitalization. This requires several endogenous new subjects that can organize atomized farmers and connect with the market economy. The high-quality farmers rebuilt in rural areas and have a certain business scale are the ideal group of these new subjects. The high-quality farmers with a new professional concept, high professional quality, deep professional feelings, broad business scope and strong driving ability have the needs of talent field, operation and quality for rural revitalization, and they can play the role of the pioneer of industrial revitalization, inheritor of cultural revitalization, maintainer of ecological revitalization and participant of organizational revitalization in rural revitalization.