从规模到需求:新型职业农民培育实践的失范与规制

From Scale to Demand: Anomie and Regulation of New Vocational Peasants’ Cultivation Practice

在推进新型职业农民培育实践的近十年中,规模式的发展趋势异常凸显。规模导向下的新型职业农民培育实践存在失范现象,主要表现为新型职业农民培育对象选拔的随意性、刻板化以及存在替代行为;模式运行存在以一次性短期培训、非学历教育、线下培育为主的偏失;评价机制还没有真正建立起来。为了制约以上失范现象,应在需求导向下从选拔标准、年龄界限、女性群体等方面完善新型职业农民培育对象的选拔,从调整短期培训与系统培育的地位、探索非学历教育与学历教育的融合、实现线下培育与线上培育的互补等方面规范新型职业农民培育模式的运行,并且从完善绩效考评体系、加大资金评价举措、重视评价结果信息反馈等方面构建新型职业农民培育的评价机制,以此推进新型职业农民培育实践由规模式发展向内涵式发展转变。

In the recent ten years of promoting cultivating new vocational peasants, the development trend of scale has been unusually prominent. There are some anomie phenomena in the practice of new vocational peasants’ cultivation with scale-orientation, which are mainly reflected in the randomness and rigidity of the selection of cultivating objects of new vocational peasants and the existence of substitution behavior. There are some errors in the mode operation, such as one-off short-term training, non-academic education and offline cultivation. The evaluation mechanism has not been established. In order to regulate the anomie as mentioned above, we should improve the selection of new vocational peasants in terms of selection criteria, age limits, female groups and other aspects, regulate the operation of new vocational peasants cultivation model from adjusting the status of short-term training and system cultivation, exploring the combination between non-academic education and academic education and realization of the complementarity of offline cultivation and online cultivation, and new vocational peasants cultivation evaluation mechanism should be established from the aspects of improving the performance appraisal system, increasing funding evaluation measures, and attaching importance to the information feedback of evaluation results under the demand-orientation, so as to promote the new vocational peasants’ cultivation practice from scale development to connotative development.