区域劳动者技能错配水平及影响效应研究

Study on the Level and Impact Effect of Regional Workers’ Skill Mismatch

在产业结构优化升级和技术革新的挑战下,劳动者的技能和工作是否匹配具有重要的经济意义。通过2,476份北京市信息技术和养老护理等行业员工的调查问卷分析发现,超过三成的北京市劳动者技能不能满足当下工作所需;有12%的劳动者存在技能的落伍问题。利用序次和多分类逻辑斯特模型回归发现,相比于技能匹配的个体,技能不足对劳动者的工资收入、工作满意度和职业流动(跳槽)均产生了显著的负向影响;过度技能对劳动者的工作满意度和职业流动(跳槽)呈现明显的负向影响,且该影响效应高于技能不足的影响。对此,从关注劳动者技能"折旧"问题、倡导树立终身学习的观念等方面提出建议。

Under the challenge of industrial structure optimization and upgrading and technological innovation,it is of great economic significance for workers in Beijing to match their skills and jobs. Using 2476 questionnaires of employees in the IT industry and pension care industry in Beijing in 2019, it is found that more than 30% of workers in Beijing cannot meet the needs of their current jobs. 12% of the workers have outdated skills. By using ordinal multinomial logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression, we find that compared with skill-matching workers, skill deficiency has a significant negative impact on workers’ income, job satisfaction and career mobility(job-hopping);excessive skills also have a significant negative impact on workers’ job satisfaction and career mobility(job-hopping), and the effect is more than that the impact of skill deficiency. This paper puts forward some suggestions from the aspects of paying attention to the "depreciation" of workers’ skills and advocating the concept of lifelong learning.