全球公域治理的现实挑战与对策

Actual Challenges and Countermeasures of Global Commons Governance

地球资源的有限性与人类对资源渴求的需要之间的矛盾,以及利益的驱使,构成了全球公域探索的主要动力,对全球公域的开发利用也为促进人类社会进步提供了可能。但各国对公域资源的争夺和竞争,也使全球公域治理面临一系列挑战,主要体现在公域资源和环境承载力的有限性,无序竞争下产生的公域霸权,公域治理规则和机制欠缺,责任划界模糊。对此,国家作为全球公域治理的主要政治实体,理应在价值导向上正视人与自然的关系,在制度机制上厉行更为完善的法治,在具体实践上明晰主体责任,在治理目标上以人类共同利益为指向,才能避免公地悲剧,实现全球公域可持续与人类长远发展的统一。

The conflict between the finiteness of earth resources and human crave for resources,and the prompt of interests are the main impetus for global commons exploration.The exploitation of global commons has also provided likelihood for promoting the progress of human society.Yet,the contention and competition of countries for global commons resources has posed a series of challenges to global commons governance,which includes the finiteness of global commons resources and environmental carrying capacity,global commons hegemony resulted from disordered competition,the deficiency of global commons governance rules and mechanism,and obscure demarcation of responsibility.Henceforth,the country,as the major political entity of global commons governance,should face up to the relationship between man and nature in terms of value orientation,strictly enforce a more perfect rule of law in terms of system and mechanism,clarify entity responsibility in terms of concrete practice,and aim at the common interest of mankind in terms of governance target,so as to avoid the tragedy of the Commons and achieve the unification of global commons sustainable development and mankind’s long-term development.