亚丁湾护航官兵生活满意度与幸福感现状及相关因素分析

Current status and related factors of life satisfaction and well-being of soldiers in Chinese navy escort fleets in Aden Gulf

目的研究长远航条件下官兵的生活满意度与幸福感现状及其相关因素。方法采用随机整群抽样法对476名亚丁湾护航官兵进行调查,于长远航2个月后分别采用失眠严重指数(ISI)量表、患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、生活满意感量表(SWLS)和简版心理健康连续体(MHC-SF)量表评估官兵的失眠、抑郁、焦虑、生活满意度和幸福感状况。结果回收有效问卷469份,有效率为98.53%。护航期间分别有44.35%(208/469)、37.10%(174/469)、19.62%(92/469)的官兵存在不同程度的失眠、抑郁、焦虑。官兵总体生活满意度低于国内常模[(21.11±6.01)分vs(23.60±6.10)分],但幸福感高于国内常模[(3.64±0.91)分vs(3.24±1.00)分],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。军龄>6年的官兵失眠和焦虑症状较严重,情绪幸福感降低;已婚、已育的官兵情绪幸福感较低;首次参加护航的官兵生活满意度较低;有值更任务会加重官兵的失眠和焦虑症状,降低官兵的生活满意度和幸福感;值更时间≥3 h、值更间隔为10~<14 h、患有口腔溃疡均可显著加重官兵的失眠、抑郁和焦虑症状,并降低官兵的生活满意度和幸福感。生活满意度及幸福感与失眠、抑郁及焦虑均呈负相关(P均<0.01),失眠、抑郁和焦虑均可明显降低官兵的生活满意度和幸福感(P均<0.01)。结论长远航条件下官兵存在不同程度的睡眠及情绪障碍,生活满意度较低,但幸福感体验强。失眠与情绪障碍可降低官兵的生活满意度及幸福感。

Objective To study the current status and related factors of life satisfaction and well-being of soldiers during long-distance sailing.Methods Totally 476 soldiers in Chinese navy escort fleets in Aden Gulf were selected by random cluster sampling method.After 2-month long-distance sailing,the status of insomnia,depression,anxiety,life satisfaction and well-being was evaluated by insomnia severity index(ISI)scale,patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),generalized anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7),satisfaction with life scale(SWLS)and mental health continuum-short form(MHCSF),respectively.Results A total of 469 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 98.53%.During the escort,44.35%(208/469),37.10%(174/469)and 19.62%(92/469)of the soldiers suffered from insomnia,depression and anxiety to different extents,respectively.The overall life satisfaction of the soldiers was lower than the national norm(21.11±6.01 vs 23.60±6.10),while the well-being was better than the national norm(3.64±0.91 vs 3.24±1.00)(both P<0.01).The soldiers with service age>6 years had significantly aggravated insomnia and anxiety symptoms and lower emotional well-being.The emotional well-being was also markedly decreased in married soldiers with children.The life satisfaction was much lower in soldiers who participated in escort for the first time.Night duties also aggravated insomnia and anxiety symptoms,and lowered the life satisfaction and well-being of soldiers.Night duties over 3 h,night duties with the interval of 10~<14 h or suffering from oral ulcer could significantly aggravate insomnia,depression and anxiety symptoms,and lower the life satisfaction and well-being.Life satisfaction and well-being were negatively correlated with insomnia,depression and anxiety(all P<0.01).Insomnia,depression and anxiety could significantly lower the life satisfaction and well-being(all P<0.01).Conclusion Soldiers during long-time sailing may suffer from insomnia,depression and anxiety to different extents.They have low life satisfaction but strong well-being.Insomnia and emotion disorders can lower their life satisfaction and well-being.