轻型轨道客车车体结构优化及试验验证

Structural optimization and test verification of the light railway passenger car’s body structure

为提升车体结构在轻量化设计过程中的效率和准确性,提出一种基于子模型技术与响应面代理模型相结合的多目标优化设计方法。以某型轻轨客车车体为研究对象,依据EN12663标准对整车车体结构进行静强度分析,确定受力最大部位为铰接区域车体端部。通过位移插值技术建立车体端部子模型,并对其边界条件的正确性进行检验。在此基础上,运用APDL语言建立子模型的参数化模型,结合中心复合设计和麦夸特法构建车体尺寸参数关于结构强度和质量的多目标优化响应面代理模型,并利用MOGA算法对其进行求解。结合制造和加工工艺要求,对优化方案进行工程化回归,并通过静强度试验验证了设计方案的合理性。研究结果表明:优化后的车体结构不仅满足强度要求,而且质量降低了50 kg;相比传统方案设计提高了优化的效率和准确性。

In this article,in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the passenger car’s body structure in the process of lightweight design,the method of multi-objective optimization design is proposed,which is based on the sub-model technology and the response surface model.With the focus on the light railway passenger car’s body structure,the static strength is carried out according to the EN12663 standard,and it is determined that the most stressed part is the end of the car’s body structure in the articulated area.The sub-model is set up for the end of the car’s body structure with the help of the technology of displacement interpolation,and efforts are made to check whether the boundary conditions are correct.Then,the APDL language is used to work out the parameterized model of the sub-model.In combination with the Central Composite Design and the Marquardt Method,the multi-objective optimization response-surface model of structural strength and mass is set up for the car body’s size parameters,and the solution is carried out by means of the MOGA algorithm.According to the requirements of the manufacturing and processing technology,the engineering regression is carried out for the optimization scheme,and the rationality of the design scheme is verified by the test of static strength.These results show that the optimized car’s body structure not only meets the related strength requirements,but also reduces the mass by 50 kg.Compared with its traditional counterpart,it enjoys a higher standard of efficiency and accuracy in optimization design.