2040名中学生人格特质、社会排斥与非自杀性自伤的关联

Association between Personality Traits,Social Exclusions and Non-suicidal Self-injuries in 2040 Middle School Students

目的了解中学生人格特质和社会排斥的特征及其与非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)的关联,为做好中学生NSSI防控提供依据或线索。方法采用分层整群抽样方法于2021年1月在江西省抚州市某中学,使用自制的调查问卷、渥太华自伤量表、中文版青少年社会排斥量表及人格量表对2040名中学生进行调查,并使用卡方检验、t检验、logistic回归等对数据进行分析。结果中学生NSSI检出率为29.75%,其中女性(32.03%)高于男性(27.89%)(P=0.032)、初中生(33.05%)高于高中生(26.99%)(P=0.003)。与非NSSI组相比,NSSI组在尽责性、外向性等方面得分较低(P值均<0.05),而在情绪不稳定、忽视等方面得分较高(P值均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高中(OR=0.740)、尽责性(OR=0.685)与NSSI检出率呈负相关;担任班干部(OR=1.425)、经常被长辈责骂(OR=1.891)、学习成绩较差(OR=1.358)、学习负担较重(OR=1.306)、情绪不稳定(OR=1.410)和忽视(OR=1.538)与NSSI检出率呈正相关。结论人格特质和社会排斥与中学生NSSI行为有一定关联,其中尽责性与NSSI检出率呈负相关;情绪不稳定性、忽视与NSSI检出率呈正相关。提示加强对中学生人格特质及社会排斥情况的关注,可能有利于中学生NSSI的预防与控制。

Objective To understand characteristics of personalities and social exclusions among middle school students in jiangxi province and their relationships with non-suicidal self-injuries, and to provide information for prevention and control.Methods A middle school in Jiangxi province was selected as the study site. A total of 2 040 students were investigated using a self-made questionnaire, the Ottwa self-injury inventory(OSI), the Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents(OES-A), the Chinese Version of adolescent Social rejection Inventory and the Personality Inventory. Chi-square test, t test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results The detection rates of NSSI for all students were 29.75%(607/2040), for female(32.0%) and for male(27.7%) which were significantly different from each other(P=0.032). Rate for junior middle school students(33.0%) was higher than that for senior high school students(27.0%)(P=0.003). Compared with nonNSSI group, NSSI group scored lower in conscientiousness, extroversion(P<0.05), but higher in emotional instability, neglect(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that high school(OR=0.740) and conscientiousness(OR=0.685)were negatively correlated with the detection rate of NSSI. Being a class leader(OR=1.425), often being scolded by elders(OR=1.891), poor academic performance(OR=1.358), heavy study burden(OR=1.306), emotional instability(OR=1.410) and neglect(OR=1.538) were positively correlated with the detection rate of NSSI. Conclusion Personality traits and social exclusion were associated with NSSI behaviors of middle school students. Conscientiousness was negatively correlated with NSSI detection rate. Emotional instability and neglect were positively correlated with NSSI detection rate. Therefore, paying more attention to the personality traits and social exclusions of middle school students would be beneficial to the prevention and control of NSSI.