山洪灾害防治理论技术研究进展

Research progress on flash flood disaster control theory and technology

我国山洪灾害防治基础薄弱,在支撑全国山洪灾害防治项目建设过程中,中国水利水电科学研究院成立项目组,组织开展山洪灾害防治理论技术研究和产品研发,取得了一系列重要成果,初步建立了山洪灾害防治理论技术体系,应用于我国山洪灾害防治实践,对此进行总结介绍,主要包括:①形成了基于山洪灾害自然和社会双重属性山洪灾害防治方略和理论技术框架;②分析了山洪灾害时空分布特征和山洪灾害形成机理;③系统研究了山丘区小流域水文特征,创建了全国小流域基础数据集;④提出了有中国特色的山洪灾害群测群防模式;⑤研究制定了44项山洪灾害防治行业标准或规范性技术文件;⑥提出了山洪灾害调查评价和风险评估技术方法;⑦开发了X波段测雨雷达强降雨监测技术和非接触式水位-流速-流量一体化山洪监测新方法;⑧研发了时空变源混合产流模型和中国山洪水文模型;⑨提出了多阶段渐进式山洪监测预报预警技术路线和动态预警指标分析方法。

Considering the weak foundation of flash flood disaster prevention and control in China,the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research established a project team to support the construction of the national flash flood disaster prevention and control project.The project team organized the theoretical and technical research and product development,which achieved a series of important outcomes for flash flood disaster prevention and control.The theoretical and technical system has been initially established and applied to the practice of flash flood disaster prevention and control in our country.This paper briefly introduces the outcomes which mainly include:①Form a flash flood disaster prevention strategy and theoretical technical framework based on the dual nature and social attributes of flash flood disasters;②Analyze the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of flash flood disasters;③Systematically study the hydrological characteristics of small watersheds in hilly areas,and create a national basic data set of small watersheds;④Propose a flash flood disaster group monitoring and prevention model with Chinese characteristics;⑤Research and formulate 44 industry standards or normative technical documents for the prevention and control of flash flood disasters;⑥Propose technical methods for flash flood disaster investigation&evaluation and risk assessment;⑦Develop heavy rainfall monitoring technology based on X-band rain-measuring radar and non-contacted water level-velocity-flow integrated flash flood monitoring;⑧Develop a spatio-temporal variable source mixed runoff model and China flash flood hydrological model;⑨Propose a multi-stage progressive flash flood monitoring,forecasting and early warning technical route and dynamic early warning index analysis method.