堤基管涌机理及防治设计准则研究

Study on piping mechanism and prevention design criteria of dike foundation

堤基管涌抢险和防治是堤防工程安全的心腹之患,水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心自成立以来,持续开展堤基管涌机理和防治设计准则方面的研究。系统深入研究了典型堤基结构管涌破坏机理和模式、管涌自愈现象,发现了不同堤基结构管涌发展机理和破坏模式的特点和区别;提出了管涌抢险合理范围和盖重合理宽度的确定方法建议;提出并论证了悬挂式短墙布置在背水侧更能有效控制管涌发展的作用机理和设计方法;研发了管涌动态模拟数学模型和软件。提升了对管涌机理的认识,发展了传统渗流控制理论,对管涌防治和抢险有重要指导作用,成果已应用于堤防设计和抢险中。

Backward erosion piping occurs frequently in dike foundations,which may cause dike failure and breach flood disaster.Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources(CDR)has been conducting the research work on the backward erosion piping mechanism and prevention design criteria.The failure mechanism and model,as well as critical water head and equilibrium phenomenon have been studied systematically and in depth.It is found that the characteristics vary among the mechanism and failure model on three typical dike foundations.Based on the study results,the reasonable scope for piping fighting and the maximum and minimum widths of landside seepage berms are suggested.It is concluded that the suspended cutoff can increase the integrated resistance of piping.Moreover,it will be more effective when the cutoff is placed in landside than in riverside.The mathematical model and software of dynamic simulation of backward erosion piping were developed.The research work promoted the understanding of piping mechanism and developed the typical seepage control theory.It plays an important guiding role in piping prevention and rescue.The research achievements are applied in the dike design and emergency.