河南省3~18岁儿童矮小症流行状况及影响因素分析

A survery of prevalence and influencing factors of short stature in children and adolescents aged between 3 and 18 in Henan Province

目的研究河南省3~18岁儿童矮小症流行现状,并进行相关因素分析。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取河南省具有代表性的10市12667名3~18岁幼儿园及中小学生,分析身高的年龄分布,不同年龄、性别、学校类型矮小症患病率特点,并对影响矮小症患病率的相关因素进行分析。结果河南省儿童矮小症患病率为5.2%。身高分布总体特点为男童高于女童,但10~12岁组男女童身高差异无统计学意义。12~14岁组男童矮小症患病率高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在不同学校类型中,中学男童矮小症患病率高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经常进食西式快餐为儿童矮小症的危险性因素,而儿童体质量指数(BMI超标)、经常参加体育锻炼为儿童矮小症的保护性因素。结论政府及医疗、教育部门应更加关注青春期男童的生长发育情况,应减少儿童西式快餐的用餐频率,并通过经常体育锻炼提高我省儿童的成年终身高。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of short stature in children and adolescents aged between 3 and 18 in Henan Province.Methods A total of 12667 children and adolescents aged between 3 and 18 from ten representative cities of Henan province were selected by cluster sampling metho.The distribution of height and the prevalence characteristics including ages,gender and school types and other related factors of short stature were analyzed.Results The overall prevalence of short stature in children and adolescents in Henan Province was 5.2%.The overall height of boys was higher than that of girls,but there was no significant difference in children and adolescents aged between 10 and 12.For the children and adolescents aged between 12 and 14 in middle school,the prevalence of short stature in boys was significantly higher than that of girls(P<0.05).Regular eating western fast food was a risk factor for short stature,while higher BMI and higher frequence of physical exercise were the protective factors.Conclusions The government,medical and educational departments should pay more attention to the growth and development of adolescent boys.Reducing the frequency of eating western fast food and increasing the frequence of physical exercises may improve the adult height.