《天问》“问天”三考——兼质疑闻一多《天问释天》

Three Studies on"Asking the Sky"in Tianwen:And Question Wen Yiduo's Tianwen Interprets Astronomy

闻一多对“斡维”“天极”“顾菟”的解读,并非新解,只是沿用前人之说。他的“‘女歧’为尾星”“‘伯强’当为箕星”的说法倒是别致,但不符合文本原意,也不符合全诗主题。“厥利维何,而顾菟在腹”句中之“利”当读若“黧”“黎”。《天问》中“女歧无合,夫焉取九子”二句是针对前人关于“氐”星和“亢”星“以合时应”占语的质疑,实际也是对前人制定的金科玉律的怀疑。离开了全篇主题和层次,单纯的训诂是不能准确解读楚辞的。

Wen Yiduo's interpretation of"Wowei"(斡维)"Tianji"(天极)and"Gutu"(顾菟)is not a new interpretation,but follows the previous theories.His viewpoint is new that"Nv Qi"(a name of a goddess)is the tail star and"Bo Qiang"(伯强)should be the Ji star,but it is not in accordance with the original meaning and the theme of the whole poem.The"Li"(利)in the sentence"What advantage is it to keep a toad in its belly?"should be read as"黧"or"黎".The sentence"How did Nv Qi get her nine children without a union?"in Tianwen(Heavenly Questions)is aimed at the previous doubts about the divination of the"Di"(氐)star and"Kang"(亢)Star in accordance with the needs of the social and political situation at that time,which is actually a doubt about the golden rule and precious precept formulated by the predecessors.Without the theme and layer of the whole article,a pure exegesis can not accurately interpret the Songs of the South.