困在网络中的“数据女工”:马克思主义批判理论视角下的女性数字劳动

Trapped in the Network:Female Digital Labor Within the Perspective of Marxist Critical Theory

互联网时代,基于互联网社交媒体平台不断发展的粉丝经济、明星流量经济催生了“数据女工”群体和现象。从事数据制作的女性追星群体将自己的个人情感、休闲娱乐与新兴的产业模式相融合,赋予了数据女工生产劳动、数字劳动的双重面向。在马克思主义理论的视域中,“劳动”是一个关涉到人的本质属性的重要概念,资本主义与异化则阻碍了个体通过劳动实现全面自由的发展。结合网络民族志获取的数据女工实证素材,以马克思主义理论作为分析框架可以发现,数据女工呈现出不同于作为一种娱乐方式的粉丝追星的生产劳动特征、不同于传统物质劳动的数字劳动特征。在此过程中,这一群体所遭受的肇始于数字资本的性别困境和劳动异化同样清晰可见,亟待讨论。

In the Internet era,the growing fan economy and star flow economy based on Internet social media platforms have given birth to the group and phenomenon of"female data labor".The female star-worshiping groups engaged in data production integrate their personal emotions,leisure and entertainment with the emerging industrial model,giving female data labor the dual aspects as of production labor and digital labor.Based on the empirical data of female data labor acquired by network ethnography,using Marxist theory as the analytical framework,it can be found that the female data labor shows not only the characteristics of production labor which is different from the fan worship of stars as a form of entertainment,but also those of digital labor which is distinct from the traditional material labor.In this process,the sexual dilemma and alienation suffered by female data labor under digital capital are outstanding and in need of discussion.